Evaluation of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Vinegar as a Feminine Wash Against Klebsiella pneumonia

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common health problems affecting women worldwide. Klebsiella pneumoniae plays a significant role in the occurrence of UTIs, particularly in chronic cases, owing to its high capacity to acquire antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of vinegar as a feminine wash against K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from women suffering from chronic urinary tract infections, and to compare this efficacy against commonly used antibiotics. The study included the collection of 50 clinical specimens from women with chronic UTIs. Bacterial identification was performed using culture methods, Gram staining, biochemical tests, and confirmed by the VITEK automated system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the Disk Diffusion Method. The antibacterial effect of vinegar at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% was assessed by measuring inhibition zones. Results showed that K. pneumoniae was the most prevalent isolate (40%), with varying rates of antibiotic resistance. Meropenem achieved the highest sensitivity rate at 100%. Vinegar demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial activity: weak at 25%, moderate at 50%, and strong at 75% with large inhibition zones against K. pneumoniae isolates. The study concludes that vinegar possesses clear antibacterial efficacy, suggesting its potential use as an adjunctive or supportive agent in the prevention and management of female urinary tract infections. Future research is recommended to assess cellular safety and clinical effects before any medical application.