Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science

Re-Cutting Benches in A Blast-Bulldozer-Basement Complex During The Development of “Mountain-Deposit” Type Deposits

2025-12-18T06:06:23+00:00

This article discusses and presents a methodology for cutting benches in a blast-bulldozer-basement system for mining “mountain-deposit” mineral deposits. Experimental studies have demonstrated the feasibility of reducing the volume of rock bypassed by bulldozers in a blast-bulldozer-basement system by enhancing the blast's throwing effect on the discharge. In most cases, when the slope angle is less than or equal to the working wall angle (φ≤γ), steep-slice mining can begin from the bottom up the slope. This increases the quarry wall height with the cutting of new benches until the wall reaches the mountain crest. Subsequently, the wall height will remain constant for a long time (when mining a mountain ridge or plateau) or begin to decrease (when mining a dome-shaped hill). The high efficiency of the blast-dozer-basement system using flat, stepped charges makes it suitable for construction material quarries. This system is particularly effective in newly developed deposits. Switching to this technology at existing quarries using a different system requires minor modifications, such as re-cutting the benches.

Self-Directed Learning Strategies in Higher Education: A Combination of Theory and Practice

2025-12-19T06:10:30+00:00

This paper explores theoretical and practical aspects of self-directed learning (SDL) and self-regulated learning (SRL) and takes into account an important shift in the ways that students are viewed: from passive receivers of information to active constructors of knowledge during their learning process, particularly in higher education. Objective: Despite a shift towards more autonomous learning supported by gradually designed digitalized learning pathways, the potential of introducing reflective self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies systematically in university curricula to enhance specific metacognitive and motivational skills remains largely unsolved. This research is theoretical-descriptive, its major component devoted to comparative analytical study of international and local educational practice and examines the key elements of self-regulated learning such as metacognitive, motivational and behavioral regulation and its pedagogical implications. Findings suggest that SRL-related strategies (reflective journaling, time management, goal-setting, etc.) improve student academic performance by approximately 15–25%, foster autonomy, and increase students’ psychological resilience. Finally, the article recommends incorporating self-regulated learning into the design of instruction as a way of enhancing learner self-efficacy and also to more completely meet the needs of higher education in an era when lifelong learning is an increasingly salient goal. These implications highlight the need for (1) teacher training guided by SRL research, (2) assessment tools that foster reflection, and (3) digital technologies (AI learning analytics, e-portfolios) aligned with personalized learning pathways. SRL interventions in the different disciplines should be tested in future empirical studies to examine their effectiveness regarding the cognitive and emotional development of students over time.

LoRaWAN Technical Requirements for Technology and Specific Features of Radio Interface Construction

2025-12-25T06:51:53+00:00

This paper explores the role of LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) technology in addressing the growing needs of the Internet of Things (IoT). With the rapid expansion of smart cities, the need for wide-area low-power communication systems has increased. Many modern wireless systems face limitations in range, price, or energy consumption, so there is still an unmet need for efficiently connecting sensors over large or hard-to-reach regions. In short, the comparison made in this study is that of LoRaWAN with different wireless standards, namely Wi-Fi, SigFox, Bluetooth LE, and Power Line Communication (PLC) to make a road by answering above roadblocks. We picked apart things like signal range, data rate, energy consumption, and modulation type to identify which system appears to give the best ready to use balance for IoT. Results show that LoRaWAN is able to reliably transmit data in line-of-sight over distances of up to 15 km in rural conditions and 2.5 km in urban areas whilst consuming very little power over unlicensed ISM bands from 433 to 915 MHz. Even though it fails there, thanks to its strength and efficiency, it is suitable for long-range sensor systems. Overall, LoRaWAN provides a good foundation for smart infrastructure, environmental monitoring and industrial applications. By adopting this technology, Uzbekistan and similar regions may be able to expand their IoT networks in a cost-effective and sustainable manner.

Modern Trends and Transformation of HR Management in Uzbekistan: Analysis of Key Trends, Technologies and Changes in Human Resource Management in the Context of Digitalization and Economic Growth

2025-12-25T06:51:33+00:00

This article scrutinizes the radical modifications in the practices of human resource management in Uzbekistan today, in the process of digitalization and economic reforms that have been taking place swiftly. It highlights mainly the usage of digital technologies, the alteration of the workforce's age structure, the reform of organizational types, and the introduction of international best practices customized to the local context. The article is a guide to the HR transformation process that emerging economies organizations are facing where they not only have to think about global standards but also about cultural specificity and local market conditions.

Sustainable Development in Kyrgyzstan: Air Quality in Bishkek and Health of its Residents

2025-12-30T07:15:56+00:00

This research analyses the correlation between the average annual concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) in the atmosphere and the incidence of bronchial asthma among the population of Bishkek. The analysis is based on data from relevant sources, including official statistics from the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2014–2023. The authors put forward a hypothesis about the existence of a positive relationship between the variables, which justifies the use of a one-tailed Student's t-test with a significance level of α = 0.10. Such approach is conditioned by the complex etiology of bronchial asthma and the influence of multiple external factors. The research confirm the existence of a link between air pollution from emissions of internal combustion engine vehicles and the increase of bronchial asthma incidence. Authors note that there is a need to expand the sample and include additional factors in subsequent studies. The data obtained within this research can be used in the development of effective environmental and preventive measures aimed at improving air quality and reducing the incidence of respiratory diseases in Bishkek city.

From Readiness to Resilience: How Strategic Agility and Flexibility Enhance Entrepreneurial Outcomes through Strategic Intelligence

2025-12-31T07:17:46+00:00

Entrepreneurial organizations are becoming both volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) operating environments, and nimbleness and flexibility is the sole survival tactic. Based on the Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV), this paper explores how strategic agility, strategic flexibility and strategic intelligence are influenced to create entrepreneurial results of growth, resilience and profitability. The study incorporates the use of regression and bootstrapped mediation analysis based on the survey data of 300 entrepreneurial firms in various industries whereby seven hypotheses were tested. The findings confirm that agility and flexibility have positive correlations with the outcomes, and both agility capabilities and agility flexibility are significant predictors of strategic intelligence. The outcomes of strategic intelligence are also improved and these points illustrate the importance of strategic intelligence as a separate performance driver. Nevertheless, mediation tests show that the intelligence is not important in mediating the connection between agility, flexibility, and results. Such results indicate that agility and flexibility have their strongest impacts that are direct and that intelligence is a supplementary resource and not a mediating mechanism. Theoretically, the research disaggregates a portion of the black box in DCV, by placing intelligence as a key but autonomous construct. As a practical suggestion, it recommends entrepreneurs to strike a balance between agility and flexibility and investments in intelligence systems to enhance resilience and competitiveness in unpredictable markets.

The Role of Phytofungi in Enhancing The Quality of Active Compounds of Medicinal Plants in Polluted Environments

2025-12-31T07:17:23+00:00

Medicinal and aromatic plants represent an important source of bioactive compounds that have various applications in medicine, pharmacy, and nutrition. However, their production is increasingly challenged by the rising problems with environmental pollution, poor soil fertility, and abiotic stresses that impinge negatively on the growth of the plant and its capacity for producing secondary compounds with therapeutic value. In such a scenario, symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi, particularly shrubby mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), have emerged as a potentially sustainable natural alternative capable of improving medicinal plant growth along with biochemical productivity both under optimum and stressful conditions. These fungi establish a network of hyphae beyond the root zone, thereby improving efficiency in the uptake of water and nutrients, especially phosphorus, iron, zinc, and trace elements, within the plant's rhizosphere. Generally, plants associated with AMF have greater resistance to drought and salinity and heavy metals due to the enhanced nutrient and water balance, induction of defense mechanisms, antioxidants, and better soil structuring through metabolites such as glomalin, which improves cohesion and stability in the soil. The effects of AMF extend to influencing secondary compound production, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and alkaloids, through direct or indirect means, including increased biomass, enhanced photosynthesis, modulation of plant hormones, and induction of enzymes involved in biosynthetic pathways like PAL and CHS. A wide array of works reported on species like Salvia miltiorrhiza, Hypericum perforatum, and licorice presented that AMF inoculation positively and significantly enhances the active content, especially when multiple fungal species rather than a single one are used

New Class of Ideal Topological Spaces

2025-12-31T07:16:46+00:00

In this study, we establish a newly constructed operators for establishing a new kind of sets entitled sets. By preserving both local and transitional qualities in a topological space, these sets generalize and improve a number of traditional and generalized topological constructions. We examine the structural properties of sets in comparison to pre-open forms as well as semi-regular closed sets. We show that the set represents strictly weaker compared to the α-open sets in general. Additionally, we demonstrate that all sets constitute a supratopology by showing that their collection occurs under arbitrary unions. The newly developed family of sets offers fresh insights into continuity, closure, and convergent analysis as well as a fundamental basis for creating sophisticated ideas in extended topological spaces. These results offer a theoretical structure that may be expanded to examine intricate connections between different generalized open sets, opening up new avenues for sophisticated topological modeling applications.Furthermore, we demonstrate that the collection of all -K sets forms a supratopology, as it is closed under arbitrary unions. Theintroduction This is a new family of sets.provides fresh perspectives on continuity, closure operations, and convergence analysis, offering a robust framework for developing advanced notions in extended topological structures. The findings presented in this work open new avenues for exploring intricate relationships among various generalized open sets and pave the way for sophisticated modeling applications in modern topology.

Preparation of Nano Zinc Oxide with Polycaprolactone and Evaluation of Electrospun Scaffold Composite

2026-01-01T07:17:46+00:00

The creation and development of medical polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) and zinc oxide nanofibers (ZnO NPs) and their catalytic activity against dangerous bacteria and germs are the most important electrospinning techniques in this work. 2% and 3% were applied in addition to the electrospinning process. Pure polymer divided by the weight of zinc oxide nanoparticles (PCL). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), AFM surface roughness, X-ray diffraction (XRD), material crystallization, FT-IR spectroscopy, and the nature of the interaction between nanoparticles (ZnO) and pure polymer were used to determine the fiber diameter. This reaction shows catalytic properties and mechanical stability through mechanical property testing. In addition to how viscosity increases with increasing concentration. High porosity is provided by water angle testing and good adhesion by these scaffolds. These concentrations can be used as an antibacterial and antibacterial agent.

Theoretical Analysis and Components of the Concept of Literary Literacy

2026-01-01T07:17:18+00:00

This article explores the role and significance of neuro-pedagogical technologies in literary education, with a particular focus on their impact on developing competencies in deep literary comprehension. The author analyzes the cognitive and affective mechanisms of neuro-pedagogy and their influence on aesthetic perception, reflective reading, and the process of creating personal meaning. The article discusses methods that are in line with brain activity in the understanding of literary texts, methods that rejuvenate emotional perception and tools that initiate visual and sensorimotor activity in order to enhance a learner activity. It also provides new directions in the installation of literary competence through neuro-thinking, neuro-imaginary, and neuro-interpretation approaches.

Preparation and Study of The Properties of Sodium Alginate-Coated Nanoscale Montmorillonite Clay for The Removal of Organic Dyes

2026-01-01T07:16:53+00:00

The presence of organic dyes in industrial wastewaters is crucial worldwide, especially dye wastewater from textile, leather and paper industries, as these dyes are often toxic and/or carcinogenic, and thus, their removal or decolorization are necessary. The use of adsorption has become a suitable, efficient, and green technology for the removal of organic dyes from wastewater, especially using nanocomposite materials. Montmorillonite (MMT), a widespread natural clay, is a potential candidate that possesses high surface area and cation-exchange capacity properties but suffers from agglomeration and poor mechanical stability in an aqueous medium. Nanocomposites relying on MMT as well as natural biopolymers such as sodium alginate (SA) have exhibited potency; however, the encapsulation mechanisms and surface interactions are still unexplored and have not been correlated with their removal efficacy of these dyes. In this study, Na+-montormillonite (MMT)/sodium alginate (SA) nanocomposite was prepared and characterized to produce an adsorbent material that offers higher adsorption capacities and stability and efficiency towards organic dyes at a wide range of operational conditions. Under optimal conditions (pH=8.5), the MMT/SA composite had a maximum dye removal efficiency of 98.1% and achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 155.8 mg/g, following pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models and indicating that the rate-limiting step was chemisorption. Abstract: This work presents a green and highly effective adsorbent for wastewater treatment, as the results reveal substantial quality enhancement of the mechanical and chemical properties of MMT due to the encapsulation of sodium alginate (SA). Results demonstrate that the MMT/SA composite provides a low-cost approach for developing a great scale adsorption technology, exhibiting good operational stability across a large number of cycles of reuse and satisfying international sustainable practice on wastewater treatment.

Orbital and Positional Perturbation of Satellites Under Solar Radiation Pressure at Influence of Area-to-Mass Ratio and CR Variability

2026-01-01T07:15:41+00:00

Among the perturbing factors that act on an artificial satellite, one of the most important is surely direct solar radiation pressure, mainly for objects with a high area-to-mass ratio. Direct solar radiation pressure had a considerable effect on the evolution of far-away orbits. The larger A/m is, the more strongly orbital elements and spatial position will deviate over time. Including a proper model of radiation pressure, therefore, is essential in space mission design and orbit prediction for small satellites. Future studies suggest the inclusion of Earth's shadow and thermal emissions as ways to further enhance the accuracy of numerical models.

Post-Pandemic Recovery and Strategic Development of Italy’s Tourism Industry

2026-01-01T07:16:13+00:00

Europe has been the all-time tourism destination through centuries, with the exquisite tourism opportunities of the countries located here. Italy being one of them, it is considered as the main tourism driver of the region with its from geographical to man made tourism opportunities. Italy has unique tourism power, which can not be easily repeated by other countries. Even though, tourism makes up a sizable portion of Italy's GDP, it also causes overcrowding, environmental damage, and increased living expenses for locals. Due to this reason, this article will explore the importance of tourism in Italy. It further analyses the impacts that tourism has on the environment, economy, and cultural heritage. The study explores the impacts of mass tourism on historic sites, host communities, and other infrastructural facilities. Additionally, it discusses the role of government policies and sustainable tourism strategies in mitigating these challenges.

The Impact of Data Science Applications on the Nature and Scope of Certified Public Accountants' Tasks in the Digital Environment

2026-01-01T07:15:14+00:00

The aim of this study is to identify the function of data science applications in the nature and scope of the certified public accountants’ job in a group of firms, based on a set of proportions which represents the use of data science such as the artificial intelligence, automation and the data science. The dependent variable can be termed the nature and scope of the assigned tasks carried out by the certified public accountant. The study applied a descriptive analytic approach where a questionnaire was employed as a tool of data collection. The researcher was able to obtain 100 questionnaires from the subjects. The statistical approach to analyse the data was SPSS programme. The study further concluded that there is a significant positive correlation between the application of data science and the nature and scope of the tasks engaged by the legal accountant. Similarly, the independent variable presents 81.6% of the modifications in the nature and scope of the said tasks of the legal accountant. Likewise, the study recommends that firms should establish a special unit which specializes in financial and legal data analysis to enhance strategic decision – making and enhance an atmosphere of transparency and reliable governance as they will rely on genuine reports reinforced by data analysis.

Manuscript Copies of Ibn Battuta’s “Travelogue”

2026-01-01T07:14:51+00:00

The project investigates the manuscript tradition of Ibn Battuta’s travel account, an important source for a medieval vision of the cultural, political and geographical diversity of the Islamic world. Through an examination of the manuscripts – their provenance, divergences, and historical settings – the research investigates how knowledge was transmitted and preserved in the Islamicate. This work also deals with the issues of textual inconstancy and its effects on historical interpretation. Ultimately, the study intends to offer broader persp-ectives on the place of manuscript in historiopaphey and their relationship with world history.

Biotechnological Advances in Biodiesel Production for Cleaner Combustion and Reduced Environmental Impact”

2026-01-01T07:14:26+00:00

Heavy dependence on petroleum diesel in almost all parts of the world results in serious environmental and health problems, including enhanced emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, contributing to declining air quality and compromising human health. There is, therefore, an increasing demand to find sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to conventional diesel. Among various alternative fuels, biodiesel manifests enough promise due to its renewable raw material source and positive environmental impact. This research paper discusses biodiesel from the perspective of physical and chemical properties, combustion dynamics, emissions, and environmental impact. Besides discussing renewable sources of raw materials for biodiesel production, such as vegetable oils, used oils, microalgae, and fatty microorganisms, and identifying the technical and biological barriers associated with its use and production, it gives practical recommendations and supportive policies for its adoption as a sustainable alternative fuel. The production of biodiesel from diverse biological sources and its biochemical conversion processes, such as enzymatic reactions, microbial fermentation, and bioprocessing of plant materials, along with the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel and their impact on combustion and engine efficiency, and the evaluation of exhaust emissions using advanced spectroscopic methods such as FTIR and UV-Vis, and life cycle analysis (LCA) to determine the fuel's environmental impact, with a comparison of performance and emissions between biodiesel and conventional diesel.

ABO Blood Groups Modulate Oxidative Stress in Hemodialysis Patients

2026-01-01T13:31:29+00:00

End stage renal disease (ESRD) , oxidative stress and persistent inflammation are factors that lead to cardiovascular morbidity. ABO blood group phenotypes affect inflammatory and thrombotic pathways, it is unknown how they relate to oxidative biomarkers in hemodialysis (HD). To compare inflammatory and oxidative stress indicators in maintenance HD patients with various ABO genotypes . At Kirkuk General Hospital in Iraq , 230 maintenance HD patients more than 6 months dialysis, ages 22–70) and 70 matched healthy controls participated in this cross-sectional study between April and November 2023. Validated techniques were used to evaluate serum levels of MDA, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase activity, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs -CRP), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). ANOVA with Bonferroni correction and multiple linear regression with adjustments for age, sex, dialysis vintage, Kt/V, hemoglobin, albumin, and comorbidities were among the statistical analyses. Compared to group O (n= 92), non O phenotypes (A, B, AB; n= 138) exhibited substantially reduced GSH (5.05±1.40 vs. 5.84±1.25 µmol/mL, p= 0.001, d= 0.59), hs-CRP (6.73±2.76 vs. 5.02±2.34 mg/L, p=0.001, d=0.67), and MDA (3.57±0.80 vs. 2.94±0.65 nmol/mL, p<0.001, Cohen’s d=0.87). The non-O phenotype independently predicted lower GSH (β=−0.64, 95%CI −1.08 to −0.20, p=0.005) and higher MDA (β=0.58, 95%CI 0.32–0.84, p<0.001) after multivariate adjustment. MDA showed a correlation with both IL-6 (r=0.24, p=0.011) and hs-CRP (r=0.28, p=0.003). Oxidative stress in HD patients is independently modulated by ABO blood types; non-O phenotypes show 21% greater lipid peroxidation. In ESRD , ABO type may improve cardiovascular risk assessment. It is necessary to do prospective research relating ABO oxidative characteristics to clinical outcomes.

Validation of the Professional Competency Model of Chemistry Teachers: A Study from Diwaniyah City, Iraq

2026-01-04T06:39:46+00:00

Purpose: Given the critical role of teachers’ professional competencies in advancing educational systems, the present study aimed to examine and validate a professional competency model for chemistry teachers that had previously been developed through empirical research in Iran, within the educational context of Iraq. Specifically, this study sought to address the debatable question of whether the professional competency model of chemistry teachers developed in Iran—considering the cultural similarities between Iran and Iraq—can be effectively applied and validated among chemistry teachers in Iraq. Method: This research adopted a quantitative approach using a descriptive–validation design, employing exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The research population consisted of 1,020 upper secondary school chemistry teachers in Diwaniyah City, Iraq (588 female and 432 male teachers). The sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula, yielding 279 participants. A proportional stratified random sampling method was used to select the sample. Data were collected using a researcher-developed Chemistry Teachers’ Professional Competency Questionnaire consisting of 59 items, rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high). Findings: The main findings were obtained through exploratory factor analysis. To achieve a simpler factor structure, Varimax rotation was applied. Examination of communalities revealed that 20 items had low communalities (below 0.30) or substantial overlap with other factors; therefore, these items were removed from the questionnaire. After item elimination, three factors with eigenvalues greater than one were extracted, collectively explaining 23.06% of the total variance. The first factor, labeled Knowledge and Skills, with an eigenvalue of 3.59, accounted for 7.99% of the total variance. The second factor, titled Attitudes, Personal Traits, and Behavioral Characteristics, with an eigenvalue of 3.39, explained 7.53% of the variance. The third factor, named Instructional Tools, Equipment, and Educational Facilities, with an eigenvalue of 3.38, accounted for 7.53% of the total variance. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate the extracted factors. The results indicated that, after model modification, the structural model of teachers’ professional competencies demonstrated a good fit. The comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.99 and the incremental fit index (IFI) was 0.95, both indicating acceptable model fit. Additionally, the parsimonious fit indices showed an RMSEA value of 0.05 and a CMIN/DF value of 1.77. Based on Brown and Klein’s criteria, the model exhibited an excellent fit. Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated that the professional competency model for chemistry teachers previously developed by Oli et al. in Iran was successfully validated within the Iraqi educational context through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. This indicates that the model possesses adequate validity and can be considered an appropriate framework for assessing and developing the professional competencies of chemistry teachers in Iraq.

Ways of Effectively Increase The Assets of Commercial Banks

2026-01-05T14:15:41+00:00

Ensuring the high quality of asset portfolios of commercial banks, along with maintaining their financial stability and liquidity, is one of the most pressing issues in modern banking practice. The effective management of bank assets plays a crucial role in minimizing risks, improving profitability, and supporting sustainable economic development. This article aims to develop scientifically grounded proposals and practical recommendations for increasing the efficiency of commercial banks’ asset management. The study examines the structure and composition of bank assets, identifies key factors affecting asset quality, and analyzes existing risks associated with loan and investment portfolios. Furthermore, the article highlights the importance of diversification, risk assessment, and regulatory compliance in strengthening the stability of commercial banks. The proposed recommendations are intended to enhance asset performance, improve overall banking system resilience, and contribute to the growth of the national economy.

Vital Role of Cost Engineering in Strategic Management

2026-01-08T15:46:49+00:00

This paper offers an expository discourse on the transforming and essential nature of cost engineering as one of the cornerstones for strategic management in today’s firms. The paper goes beyond the limited viewpoint of cost engineering as a narrow tactical tool for project budget tracking. It is instead repositioned as fundamental strategic capability for to gain long-term competitive advantage, organizational resilience and maximizing value creation. Against a backdrop of wide-ranging academic literature, industry publications and detailed multi-industry case studies, this paper outlines the specific ways in which a range of core cost engineering methods-life-cycle costing, target costing, value engineering, risk management and data analytics-directly inform and facilitate high-level strategic decision-making within organizations. The study brings in-depth qualitative methodology which combines thematic analysis of the pattern of integrated processes with comparative cross-case analysis to generate findings. The results provide strong evidence that those companies that seamlessly integrate cost engineering principles into their strategic DNA outperform their peers in critical performance measures such as return on investment, effective risk management, alignment with strategic objectives, and market responsiveness. The authors suggest that collaboration between cost engineering and strategic management is a key factor in determining the success and sustainability of organizations' operations in today's volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous global environment. Implications and recommendations for senior managers, organisation designers and policy makers are presented with suggestions for future research directions to better understand and utilise this important combination

Didactic Possibilities of Using Software in Textile Materials Science Education

2026-01-11T09:38:38+00:00

This article aims to integrate software tools, digital technologies, and methodologies in textile materials science lessons to organize the learning process interactively and effectively, and to in-depth mastery of students' knowledge about textile types, their properties, and applications based on visual, practical, and independent analysis.The article highlights the role of digital visualization tools, multimedia resources, virtual simulations, and interactive learning platforms in improving students’ conceptual comprehension and practical skills. Special attention is given to the use of software-based demonstrations, digital laboratories, and independent analytical tasks that encourage active student participation, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities. Through visual and hands-on learning approaches, students are enabled to analyze textile structures, compare material characteristics, and evaluate their suitability for various industrial and consumer applications. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of integrating independent learning activities supported by digital technologies, which foster self-directed learning, creativity, and professional competence among students.

Experimental Results of Forming the Research Competence of Future Engineers on the Basis of Dual Education

2026-01-11T15:44:22+00:00

This article analyzes the results of experimental work carried out to develop the research activity of future engineers based on the principles of dual education. The study was conducted with the participation of students enrolled in the Energy Engineering and Electrical Engineering programs at a technical higher education institution. During the experimental process, a dual education model based on the integration of educational activities between higher education institutions and industrial enterprises was implemented. The study was based on a mixed-methods research design that integrated quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. Students’ readiness for research activity was assessed according to motivational, cognitive, practical, and creative criteria. The results of the experimental study demonstrated that the educational process organized on the basis of dual education is effective in increasing students’ interest in scientific inquiry, linking theoretical knowledge with practical application, and developing independent research skills. The results of statistical analysis (p < 0.05) confirmed the reliability of the positive changes observed in the experimental group.

Change and Human Activities on Date Palm Growth and Distribution in Al-Mamal, Baghdad

2026-01-24T15:22:32+00:00

The study was conducted in the Al-Maamel area, east of Baghdad, which represents an urban ecosystem highly affected by human activities, including small industries, indiscriminate burning sites, and unregulated dumping. A stratified sampling design was adopted that included six sites that differed in pollution severity and land uses. Field data were collected over two years with three seasonal campaigns (December, April, September) to evaluate climatic and human influences on the physiological and chemical characteristics of date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The climatological data recorded over the years 2015 to 2025 revealed an increase in temperature range of 1-1.5 °C with reduced precipitation rates in industrial areas and leschars, leading to higher thermal and water stress on vegetation. The less polluted areas (S1, S5) recorded higher values in terms of vegetation density, coverage, and diversity compared to the polluted areas (S2, S4, S6) as a result of the direct effect on plant communities. On the physiological aspect, there was a considerable decrease in chlorophyll (SPAD) content, biomass, and relative water content in leaves, as well as reduced stomatal conductance in return for enhanced leaf thickness and reduced specific leaf area (SLA) as a result of heat and water stress. On the chemical aspect, palm leaves recorded considerable reductions in the content of starches, total sugars, and proteins as a result of reduced metabolic rates and suppressed photosynthesis driven by stress factors presented by environmental conditions. NDVI analysis revealed considerable reduced values in the polluted area as compared to others. This corresponds to reduced physiological functions and carbon assimilation as a result of stress effects on vegetation. ANOVA and GLM tests supported the existence of significant difference values between different sites, as well as emphasized the influential role played by climatological data on biological functions. These findings indicate the crucial role presented by the relationship established between climate and human stress on the functions and productivity of palm vegetation as an efficient indicator to evaluate stress effects on semi-arid urban environments

Secure and Efficient Data Sharing Using Blockchain and Deep Learning for Industrial Healthcare Systems

2026-01-25T20:43:12+00:00

Secure, reliable, scalable communication of private data is a necessity for IoMT devices used in industrial healthcare. Classical centralized architectures are not able to cope with such demands due to their inadequacy on privacy, data integrity, scalability, and cyber security. In this context, a decentralized industrial healthcare data sharing scheme built on permissioned blockchains is offered to alleviate the above challenges. Using smart contracts in permissioned blockchains, the framework guarantees controlled access, tamper resistance of data storage and trusted information kindles transference. Moreover, Support Vector Machines (SVM) was adopted to use with the LSTM network for data analytics, behavior modeling and enhanced attack detection. In order to guarantees patient privacy, homomorphic encryption is embedded in order to process encrypted healthcare data in the cloud. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach can be more accurate, robust, and scalable than other deep learning and machine learning methods, which could provide an intelligent method to learn useful representation of industrial healthcare data for future work.

A Secure Blockchain-Federated Deep Learning Model for Privacy-Preserving COVID-19 Diagnosis

2026-01-25T21:14:00+00:00

Traditional diagnostic techniques have been exposed as having several shortcomings regarding sensitivity, scalability, and data protection due to COVID-19's widespread impact. A centralized training strategy remains hampered by data-sharing limitations, privacy risks, and a lack of trust between medical institutions despite deep learning's potential for accurate disease identification in chest CT imaging. This study presents a federated deep learning framework based on blockchain for privacy-aware diagnosis of COVID-19 via CT scans. A shared model can be trained collaboratively and decentralized, without requiring patients' sensitive information to be exchanged. In addition to homomorphic encryption, model gradients are also encrypted during training to further maintain data confidentiality. To enhance the effectiveness of feature extraction and classification, capsule networks and extreme learning machines are combined in an ensemble learning strategy. In experiments across multiple feature extraction networks, the proposed framework achieves very high recall, reflecting its high ability to detect COVID-19 cases while maintaining reliable precision. Accordingly, the proposed framework offers a practical and reliable solution for large-scale collaborative medical image analysis in pandemic situations that integrates accuracy, privacy preservation, and security.

Methodology for Using Tasks Oriented Toward Global Competencies of International Assessment Studies in Developing Students’ Natural Science Literacy

2026-01-26T08:05:07+00:00

The article addresses the issues of improving the methodology for using tasks oriented toward global competencies identified in international assessment studies in the process of developing students’ natural science literacy. The research and analysis confirm cognitive abilities that can be developed through competency-based tasks framed in global problems of environmental education, means of their design in the educational process and criteria for their appraisal. The results of the pedagogical experiment show that the regular application of tasks related to global competencies makes an essential contribution to the formation of students’ scientific thinking, the free handling of competences to analyze problem situations, and the ability to make socially responsible decisions.

The Close Correlation Between COVID-19 and Bacterial Etiologies of Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs) As a Co-infection

2026-01-30T13:38:39+00:00

This study was conducted on COVID-19 patients aged 20–60 years of both sexes, who were hospitalized at Mosul General Hospital and Tikrit Teaching Hospital during the period from 16 February to 13 July 2024. A total of 80 throat swab samples were collected to investigate bacterial co-infections accompanying COVID-19. Of these, 72 samples (90%) were positive for bacterial growth, while 8 samples (10%) were negative. Among the Gram-positive bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent (24 isolates; 33.33%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (17 isolates; 23.61%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (14 isolates; 19.44%). S. aureus is a known pathogen responsible for a wide range of respiratory infections. S. pneumoniae, which colonizes the nasopharynx, may become pathogenic and is a leading cause of secondary respiratory tract infections. S. pyogenes possesses several virulence factors that facilitate tissue invasion and bacterial dissemination, contributing to severe co-infections (Ahmed et al., 2021). In addition to Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative pathogens were also identified. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common among them (10 isolates; 13.88%), known for its persistence in moist environments and association with nosocomial infections. Escherichia coli (5 isolates; 6.94%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2 isolates; 2.77%) were also isolated, both of which are opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised or hospitalized patients. The findings of this study revealed a concerning level of antimicrobial resistance. S. aureus showed 100% resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin), while S. pneumoniae exhibited complete resistance to most antibiotics tested. S. pyogenes demonstrated 100% resistance to ceftriaxone, Augmentin, and ampicillin. Similarly, Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance levels to commonly used antibiotics, indicating a critical challenge in managing bacterial co-infections in COVID-19 patients.

The Role of AI-Assisted Community Health Programmes in Enhancing Students Awareness of Malaria Prevention in Secondary School in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State

2026-01-31T14:12:58+00:00

This study looks at how artificial intelligence (AI) can help community health programmes teach students about malaria prevention. The problem is that malaria remains a major health issue in Ikwerre Local Government Area (LGA). Many students in secondary schools have limited knowledge about how to prevent the disease. This leads to high rates of sickness and absenteeism. The research used a survey method. It involved 350 students and 50 teachers from selected secondary schools in Ikwerre LGA. Data was collected using questionnaires. This data was then analyzed with simple statistics. The findings show that students' awareness of malaria prevention is generally low. However, there is a strong interest in using technology for learning. The study concludes that AI-assisted programmes, like chatbots and educational games, can significantly improve student knowledge. It recommends that the local government and school authorities partner with tech companies to develop and implement these AI tools in schools.

Methodology of Integrating Binomial Differential Expressions

2026-02-01T13:48:00+00:00

This paper examines the problem of integrating binomial differential expressions, which are one of the important classes of indefinite integrals. In the study, the rational exponents appearing under the integral sign are identified, and the integration process is analyzed according to the cases where these exponents are integers, dividing the task into three main scenarios. For each case, methods for transforming the integral into an integral of rational functions using suitable substitutions are presented, and solutions are demonstrated through concrete examples related to the topic.

Main Problems of Hydrodynamics of a Flat-Plane Solar Collector

2026-02-02T21:27:49+00:00

In this paper, the relevant hydrodynamic aspects occurring in the implementation of flat-plate solar collectors are reviewed. It studies causes for non-uniform coolant flow distribution, which plays a role in heat transfer and system losses. Particular attention is paid to the formation of air lock, increase of hydraulic resistance and effect of flow situation on overall collector efficiency. It underlines the importance of enhance design of distribution systems, optimal coolant flow and fouling prevents for better performance in solar collector. The reduction or elimination of hydrodynamic problems leads to enhanced reliability and longevity of solar thermal systems.

Assessment of Challenges Faced by Indigenous Construction Firms in Nigeria

2026-02-03T08:13:04+00:00

Indigenous construction firms are critical to Nigeria’s economic development, job creation and infrastructure delivery, yet they remain less competitive than foreign counterparts. This paper assesses the major challenges confronting indigenous construction firms in Nigeria. Using a review of empirical and conceptual literature, the study identifies key constraints relating to finance, procurement practices, capacity and technology, regulatory and institutional frameworks, corruption, project management practices, and macroeconomic instability. The findings show that limited access to credit, delayed payments, biased procurement processes, inadequate technical and managerial capacity, low technology adoption, weak enforcement of regulations, and high levels of corruption significantly undermine the performance and growth of indigenous firms. The paper concludes that a comprehensive strategy is needed, involving policy reforms, targeted financial support, capacity-building programmes, and improved governance of procurement and contract administration. Recommendations include improving access to long-term finance, promoting fair competition in public procurement, strengthening professional and technical capacity, incentivizing innovation and technology adoption, and enforcing stricter regulatory oversight to reduce corruption and project delivery risks.

Biodynamic and Thermodynamic Study of Alanine Aminopeptide (AAP) Partially Purified from the Urine of Patients with Chronic Renal Injury

2026-02-05T06:14:36+00:00

Alanine aminotransferase (AAP) activity was measured in the urine of healthy individuals, with an activity level of 7.49 ≤ 2.76 IU/L. In infected individuals, the activity level was 24.83 ≤ 9.66 IU/L. The results showed elevated AAP activity in the urine of 97% of patients compared to healthy individuals. AAP was purified from the urine of patients with renal failure using gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex G-50 filtration gel. AAP was separated from the urine of patients with renal failure using ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 resin. It was observed that the isoform obeys the Arrhenius equation up to 37 m⁻¹, and Ea and Q10 were determined. A thermodynamic study was performed on the binding of the substrate (alanine-4-naturoanilide) to the alanine aminopeptide (AAP) isoforms. Using the van't Hoff and Arrhenius equations, the thermodynamic coefficients for the standard state (ΔSO, ΔGO, ΔHO) and the transition state (ΔS*, ΔG*, ΔH*) were determined.